Connection between nu n -> (nu)over-bar(n)over-bar reactions and n-(n)over-bar oscillations via additional Higgs triplet bosons

In this work, we investigate the connection and compatibility between $\nu n \rightarrow \bar{\nu} \bar{n}$ reactions and $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillations based on the $SU(3)_c \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)$ symmetry model with additional Higgs triplets. We explore the possibility that the scattering process $\nu n\rightarrow \bar{\nu}\bar{n}$ produced by low-energy solar neutrinos gives rise to an unavoidable background in the measurements of $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillations. We focus on two different scenarios, depending on whether the $(B-L)$ symmetry could be broken. We analyze the interplay of the various constraints on the two processes and their observable consequences. In the scenario where both $(B+L)$ and $(B-L)$ could be broken, we point out that if all the constraints, mainly arising from the type-II seesaw mechanism, are satisfied, the parameter space would be severely constrained. In this case, although the masses of the Higgs triplet bosons could be within the reach of a direct detection at the LHC or future high-energy experiments, the predicted $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillation times would be completely beyond the detectable regions of the present experiments. In both scenarios, the present experiments cannot distinguish a $\nu n \rightarrow \bar{\nu} \bar{n}$ reaction event from a $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillation event within the accessible energy range. Nevertheless, if any of the two processes is detected, there could be signal associated with new physics beyond the Standard Model.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, and 3 tables (minor changes

Theoretical investigations for testing the fundamental symmetries of the Standard Model with diatomic molecules

The present PhD thesis focuses on the theoretical investigations for testing the fundamental symmetries of the Standard Model (SM) with diatomic molecules. Although the SM has great success in describing the fundamental particles and their interactions, it cannot answer many open questions and thus is considered as an incomplete theory. Theoretical investigations of molecular properties have great potential to provide new insights on the questions that cannot be answered by the SM and thus open a window to new physics beyond the SM. We analyze the factors that determine the accuracy of the theoretical investigations and demonstrate the evaluation of theoretical uncertainties. We summarize the main topics of the present work, including the measurement of the nuclear anapole moment effect and electron electric dipole moment (eEDM), and the search for the variation of fundamental constants. We address that the main purpose of this work is to provide the needed molecular parameters for successful measurements of various constants and for rigorous interpretations of the measurements, with the help of the state-of-the-art computational methods. Finally, we present the conclusion for the present work and give an outlook for future work

Structural, optical and electrical properties of Cu-In-O thin films prepared by plasma-enhanced CVD

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

Expression levels of apoptotic factors in a rat model of corticosteroid-induced femoral head necrosis

Purpose: To study the expression levels of apoptotic factors in corticosteroid-mediated femoral head necrosis (FHN) in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 60) bred adaptively for one week were randomly assigned to control and model groups (30 rats/group). A rat model of corticosteroid-induced femoral head necrosis was established. Then, 3 mL of blood drawn from the inferior vena cava of each rat was used for the assay of the expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteoclast differentiation factor (RANKL) in each group using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The caspase-3- and Bcl-2-+ve cells in each group were determined with immunohistochemical method. Results: Relative to control, serum OPG level of model group was significantly decreased, while the RANKL level was markedly raised (p < 0.05). The degree of empty lacunae in the model rats was markedly increased, relative to control. Caspase-3-+ve cells were more numerous in the model group than in control, while Bcl-2-positive cells were markedly decreased compared to control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Apoptosis occurs in the rat model of femoral head necrosis. Glucocorticoids may regulate the apoptotic process by  upregulating caspase-3 and inhibiting Bcl-2. This provides a novel lead for FHN therapy. Keywords: Femoral head necrosis, Corticosteroid, Glucocorticoid, Apoptosi

Simulation investigation on spatial deflection of multiples fractures of multistage perforation clusters in hydraulic fracturing

The morphology of complex fracture network in hydraulic fracturing engineering in deep tight oil and gas reservoir is a crucial factor affecting oil and gas recovery, and it is necessary to accurately evaluate and optimize the fracture propagation behavior. Multistage fracturing of horizontal wells with multiple perforation clusters involves thermal diffusion, fluid flow and deformation of rock matrix between the reservoir and fluid in pores and fractures. Thermal diffusion effect and multi-physical field coupling are typical characteristics of fracturing in deep tight rock reservoirs. At the same time, the propagation of fracture network is related to the disturbance between adjacent fractures. The perforation clusters spacing and initiation sequence in fracturing process will lead to different degrees of unstable propagation of parallel fractures. It is of great significance to understand the influence mechanisms of internal and external factors for the effective evaluation of fracture networks, such as the coupling of multiple physical fields and fractures disturbance. The thermal-fluid-solid coupling effect in deep reservoir was considered comprehensively to investigate the stress shadow effect and the disturbance deflection behaviors of multiple fractures in three-dimensional (3D) propagation process of hydraulic fracture network. 3D engineering scale numerical model for multistage fracturing in horizontal wells was established. The influence of thermal diffusion effect on 3D fracture, and the propagation disturbance behaviors of 3D fracture network under different perforation cluster spaces and different fracturing scenarios (sequential, simultaneous and alternate fracturing) were analyzed in typical engineering conditions. The results shown that, the stress disturbance region caused by fracture propagation in deep tight oil and gas reservoirs had superposition and overlaying behaviors in multiple fractures, forming a stress shadow effect and spatial deflection of fractures. The decrease of space between multiple perforation clusters in horizontal wells would increase the stress shadow areas and aggravate the mutual interaction between fractures. Compared with the sequential fracturing of multiple perforation clusters, the simultaneous fracturing would increase the stress shadow areas, and the alternate fracturing may conversely reduce the stress shadow areas to alleviate 3D propagation disturbance of fracture network to form an effective scheme for optimizing the spatial morphology of fracturing fracture network. The heat transfers between the fracturing fluid and the rock matrix in deep tight rock reservoirs, and the fracture propagation area and volume under each fracturing scheme were significantly enhanced, indicating that the thermal effect promoted fracture propagation and became an important factor affecting the fracture propagation

Material Size Dependence on Fundamental Constants

Precise experimental setups for detection of variation of fundamental constants, scalar dark matter, or gravitational waves, such as laser interferometers, optical cavities and resonant-mass detectors, are directly linked to measuring changes in material size. Here we present calculated and experiment-derived estimates for both $\alpha$- and $\mu$-dependence of lattice constants and bond lengths of selected solid-state materials and diatomic molecules that are needed for interpretation of such experiments